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- $Unique_ID{BRK00014}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Special Infections of Intravenous Drug Users}
- $Subject{drug abuse narcotics infections Infection Intravenous users abusers
- soft tissue gram-negative bacteria Lung abscess abscesses tuberculosis
- aspiration iv pneumonia narcotic addicts talc lungs bronchial Cardiac heart
- valves staph aureus Hepatitis AIDS tetanus septic bacteremia addict drugs
- lifestyle lifestyles behavior behaviors abuses acquired immune deficiency
- syndrome HIV human immunodeficiency virus heart valve}
- $Volume{A-23}
- $Log{
- AIDS is Transmitted by Sharing Infected Needles*0001007.scf
- Cross Section of a Lung*0005901.scf
- Anatomy of the Bronchial Tree*0005902.scf
- Anatomy of the Alveoli*0005903.scf
- Pneumonia Infected Lung*0015401.scf
- Lobar and Viral Pneumonia*0015402.scf}
-
- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- Special Infections of Intravenous Drug Users
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- QUESTION: Is it true that drug users can become infected with special
- infections? What are they? What makes infections in intravenous drug abusers
- differ from those in the general population?
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-
- ANSWER: Infections in intravenous drug abusers can differ from those in the
- general population in a number of ways. The type of infection or the
- infecting organism itself can vary, as can the signs and symptoms.
- One of the most common infections associated with drug abuse is soft
- tissue infection, usually found at the site of injection. If superficial,
- soft tissue infections appear to be very similar to patients who do not abuse
- drugs, but in more serious cases, gram-negative bacteria tends to be present.
- Swelling and tenderness in the extremities, fever, and signs of systemic
- illness may then develop. Mortality rates can be fairly high, and treatment
- requires aggressive culturing of the blood, administration of broad-spectrum
- antibiotics, and possible surgery. Gram-negative bacteria is rarely present
- in soft tissue infection in the general population.
- Lung abscesses, tuberculosis, and aspiration pneumonia are other serious
- infections in narcotic addicts. They can develop as the result of acute
- overdose, injection of talc, or from drug-induced stupor or coma. In many
- cases, there are complicating infections in the bronchial tree. Poor dental
- hygiene, common in addicts, increases the bacterial content in oral
- secretions, and contributes to aspiration pneumonia. Such infection differs
- in addicts in that the lower lobes of the lungs are involved more than the
- upper ones, and the right side is affected more than the left.
- Cardiac problems amongst drug abusers can be distinguished from those in
- the general population by the type of infecting organisms and the valves that
- are involved. Intravenous drug abusers have a high incidence of staph aureus
- infection, not usually found in nonabusers, which attacks right-sided cardiac
- valves. This, and the acute onset of infection, are peculiar to drug-related
- endocarditis.
- Hepatitis, the leading cause of hospitalization among drug abusers,
- differs in addicts and nonaddicts in the type that develops. Hepatitis B,
- delta hepatitis, and non-A, non-B hepatitis are most common in drug addicted
- patients, with delta hepatitis found almost exclusively in drug abusers in the
- United States.
- AIDS, tetanus, septic arthritis, and various strains of bacteremia are
- other infections which plague drug abusers and each exhibits symptoms that
- vary from the general population. For example, one-fourth of all AIDS
- patients are drug abusers who have no other risk factors for the disease.
- It's clear that I.V. drug abusers expose themselves to risks beyond their
- imagination. As if addiction was not problem enough, we now find that the
- entire area of infectious disease presents new, special problems for the
- addict. Although many infections may be mild and without acute episode, it is
- also true that many infections can be life threatening, requiring the utmost
- in prompt, intensive care to cure. Because narcotic addiction is so
- prevalent, infectious problems in these patients need careful detection and
- management. Unfortunately these are just the patients that avoid medical
- attention, until it is too late.
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-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
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